Anyone who has weathered a hurricane can tell you that the oceans — which fuel the storms — contain a tremendous amount of energy. Thanks to global warming, they’re holding more than ever.
A new startup wants to harness that energy to power data centers.
Drogue, which has kept a low profile until now, is building a system that harvests heat from the ocean to power data centers on board floating vessels. According to co-founder and CEO Sam Sipe, the first prototype should be bobbing around the ocean, crunching bits, less than two years from now.
The goal, Sipe said, is to help data center developers deploy servers in AI-friendly timelines. “The data center industry is a real estate game, and so they’re playing on 8- to 10-year timelines, including interoperability with utilities and [independent system operators]” that manage regional power grids, he said. “AI demand has increased 10x in just the last three years. It’s completely incompatible.”
Drogue was founded just six months ago in Washington, D.C., and the startup told TechCrunch exclusively that it has already raised $20 million, including from XYZ Venture Capital, Toyota Ventures, Tamarack Global, Dream, FDVC, Garuda Ventures, Flexcap, Boost VC, and Slow Ventures, among other investors.
In those six months, Drogue has designed a multi-megawatt prototype that will be installed on a traditional oceangoing ship and sent out to sea in early 2028. Future versions will be built on floating structures that more closely resemble offshore oil platforms.
To Sipe, the decision to turn to the ocean was obvious.
After years flying E-2D Hawkeyes off U.S. Navy aircraft carriers, he had an appreciation for the ocean’s immense power. “Most people think, oh, ocean — hard waves, storms, corrosion, biofouling. And I just see this majestic place and resource that we just ignore,” he said.
As the planet warms, the oceans have been absorbing an additional 5.8 million terawatt-hours of energy every year. By comparison, all of human civilization uses about 180,000 terawatt-hours each year. If Drogue were to take some, surely the ocean wouldn’t miss it.
The startup’s technology works like a heat pump run in reverse. A heat pump uses electricity to move heat from one place to another; Drogue’s system instead uses a difference in temperature to generate electricity. This approach, known as ocean thermal energy conversion, or OTEC, was first developed in the 1950s.
Surface waters are warmer, heated by the sun, while down-deep temperatures are much colder, about 39°F on average (4°C). “There’s basically no amount of heat we can pull out of that that will collapse that temperature differential,” Sipe said.
To leverage the temperature differential, the startup’s system draws in warm surface water, uses it to cool the data centers, and then sends the now-warmer water to boil ammonia, a chemical that turns to gas at -28°F. That ammonia gas is then sent through a turbine to generate electricity. Once through the turbine, it courses through a condenser, which turns the gas back into a liquid. There, cold water drawn from 1,000 meters deep passes over the condenser’s fins to absorb the heat. The warmed water is then pumped back down to 1,000 meters, where it dissipates into the ocean. The ammonia gets sent back to the start of the sealed loop, and the cycle repeats.
The basic idea was tested in the 1980s but tossed aside. “A lot has changed since the ’80s, specifically manufacturing techniques around the pipe and the heat exchangers,” Sipe said.
To find out why, Sipe sought out people who had worked on those early efforts. “I just talked to everyone, basically interviewed them and figured out what went wrong, what went right, what would you do next. And everyone was like, dude, this stuff works. It’s just a matter of being able to raise enough capital to build something big enough, because there’s a sweet spot,” he said.
There also had to be customers who could use that power while still at sea. Sending power to shore would require lengthy, expensive cables, and manufacturing on board would require similarly expensive shipping of materials and finished goods. Data centers are ideal — the servers are compact relative to other equipment, and shipping data off the platform is incredibly cheap. Each vessel would live at sea for about a decade, Sipe said.
Drogue already has “approval in principle,” a preliminary sign-off, from the American Bureau of Shipping, which sets and checks safety standards for ships. Now it’s in the process of buying its first ship to start building a prototype ready for the open ocean.
In many ways, Drogue’s concept is similar to Elon Musk’s plan for orbital data centers: find a cheape. Except unlike orbital data centers, Drogue’s don’t need to launch expensive rockets to get there. They can just sail a ship on the ocean, something humanity has been doing for millennia
